Kyrsoibor Pyrtuh
Kitei ki kyntien la sot na ka film kaba kyrteng, “The Blood and the Border”, ba la shna da u Bah Wanphrang K. Diengdoh, ha kaba kiwei pat ki documentary film jong u, kiba u la thaw halor ka tynrai long jaidbynriew bad ka synshar ka bishar jong ki Khasi, ki la saphriang shaduh sha bar ri bad ki la wanrah nam ruh. Ha ka jingshisha kane ka article, kam dei ka jingkynthoh halor katei ka film, hynrei ka dei ka jingpuson halor kawei ka bynta kaba pyni ïa ka jingduwai jong ki nongmihkhmat jong ki Raij bapher jong ka Hima Khyrim kiba la wan hakhmat u Syiem ban tyrwa ne bujai Blang, katto katne sngi shuwa ka lehniam Pomblang, hapoh ka ïing sad ïing sunon, kaba don ha Smit.
Kane ka documentary film ka la ïohkem ïa kane ka bynta kaba kongsan tam, ha kaba ki nongmihkhmat jong ki Raij bapher ki wan hakhmat u Syiem bad ki Bakhraw Batri, ban tyrwa ïa u langknia ha ka lehniam Pomblang. Ha ka jingtyrwa, u Bah Firmly Lyngdoh, u Lyngdoh ka Raij Mawlieh, Khat ar blang, u la ai ka jingduwai kaba hok bad kaba khlaiñ bor na ka bynta ka hok ki khun ki hajar ha ka synshar khadar bad ka khyndew ka shyiap. “Ka la por ka la dei mynta ban kyrsiew thih kyrsew dem ïa u ‘lei longshnong u ‘lei longraij…Ka jingshah tuh ka khyndew ka shyiap ha ka bor ka Ri Assam bad Ri Bangladesh…Ko ‘Lei Shyllong ba seng ïa ka Dorbar Blei ka Dorbar Sla to ïada ïa ka khyndew ka shyiap bad ki hok ki khun ki hajar…Une u ‘langlieh ‘langsada khlem wan buh hangne tang na ka bynta ka phuh ka phieng ne ka rongphong, hynrei ba un kit un bah ïa ka tlot, ka swai u khun u hajar, ïa ka duh ka dam bad ka jingshah thombor halor ka khyndew ka shyiap. Hangne nga ïohi ïa ki khun ki hajar, kiba duk, kiba tlot, kiba swai, kiba rangli ki duh noh ïa ka hok bad kim don bor ban ïasaid halor ka kot….ki pud ki sam jong ngi la thoh ha ka khyndew, ha ki maw, ha ki dieng bad ha ki sla…Hynrei ngi ïohi ïa kata ba ka bor jong ka sla ka la shah khyllip noh…ki bor kiba na bar, ki bor jong ki sorkar ki ïaid lyndet ïa ki khun ki hajar…”
Ka Kot ka la jop ïa ka Sla: Ka jingshah pynhiar kyrdan Ki Hima Khasi kaba la ktah jur ïa ka shynshar khadar.
Ki khun hynñiewtrep ki don ka jingngeit tynrai kaba skhem ha ka juban lak bad ka akor khasi ka hikai ban ñiewkor bad burom ïa ka ktien ba khlei ne kubur ne kular. Ki Khasi ki ñiew kyntang ïa ki kyntien ba ïakren ne ïatehkular ha ki kam saiñ hima, khaïi-pateng bad ha ki jingïadei paralok, para marjan ne para kur ne para kha. Nalor nangta, ki Khasi ki tieng burom bad kim ju leh thala ïa ki mawbri ne ki pud ki sam kiba la kdew ne pynkap ha ki dieng ki sla, ki wah ne ki wahduid, ki lum bad ki them. Bad ka long ka sang ka ma kaba khraw ban tap pud ne ban ryngkang sha u pud u sam jong kiwei bad khamtam eh ban knieh ïa ka hok jong kiwei.
ñiuma, don artylli ki jingjia kiba lah ban pynksan ne pynshai shynna ba da shisha ka bor jong ka sla ka la shah khyllip noh ha ka kot, kumba la pynpaw ha kane ka film. Kawei ka dei ka jingshah pynhiar kyrdan bad ka jingshah thep jubor jong ki Hima Khasi hapoh ka Sixth Schedule bad kaba ar pat ka kot jingbatai halor u pud u sam ba la pynmih paidbah da ka Sorkar British ha ka snem 1876, kaba la pynkha ïa ka jingïa kajia pud kaba shyrkhei hapdeng ka Assam bad Meghalaya.
Hadien ba la pdiang bad mynjur ïa ka Riti Synshar ka Ri India (Constitution of India) ha u Naiwieng jong ka snem 1949, ki Hima Khasi, kiba la don naduh hyndai kulong kumah da ki hajar snem ha shuwa ban mih ka Ri India, ki shem ïalade ba ki la shah pynhiar kyrdan bad shah thep jubor hapoh ka Sixth Schedule bad ki la duh noh ïa baroh ka bor, ka iktiar, ki hok bad ki dei riti ha ka Autonomous District Council. Ka District Council ka la don ïa ka bor ban thaw aiñ bad pynïaid ïa ka synshar khadar, ka bishar bad kiwei de ki bynta jong ki Hima bad ka long ka bor kaba hakhlieh jong ki Syiem bad ki Bakhraw Batri.
Ha u ‘nai kyllalyngkot jong ka snem 2001, ka kot khubor Apphira, ka la pynmih ïa kawei ka jingthoh kaba kyrpang bad ba kongsan halor kane ka mat bad la thoh shai, “…ba ki Hima Khasi bad kiwei de ki bor synshar tynrai ki la shah teh mraw ha ki aiñ bym shong nia jong ka United Khasi & Jaiñtia District Council, kum ka aiñ, Appointment and Succession of Chiefs and Headmen, Act 1959. Wat hadien ba la pynkha ïa ka Jylla Meghalaya ha ka snem 1972, ki Hima Khasi ki sahkut ha ka pungktieh kaba kim lah ban khih bad tang shu khih kin ngam. Ha ka jaka ban pynkupbor ïa ki Hima Khasi, khnang ba kin lah ban ïatrei bad ïatei lang ïa ka ïoh ka kot bad ban kyntiew ïa ka Jylla, la nang shim noh pynban ïa ka bor, ka iktiar jong ki na ka por sha ka por…Ki aiñ jong ka District la thaw bad la pyndonkam bakla ban weng jubor ïa ki Syiem bad ki nongsynshar kiba la jied katkum ka riti tynrai synshar paidbah jong ki khun hynñiewtrep…”
Kum ka Hima Khyrim kaba don ha ka ym tang ka synshar Hima, hynrei khamtam eh ka niam ka rukom kaba ïasoh bad ka Hima, ka mih ka jingkylli bad kane ka jingkylli ka ïaiksoh ïa ka jingmut jingpyrkhat. Hato ka long mo kaba dei ïa ka District Council, kaba ïohbor na ka Kotbah Riti Synshar ka Ri India, ban thaw ki aiñ ki ban ktah ïa ka synshar bad ka niam ka rukom jong ka Hima Khyrim? Ha kano ka dur ka District Council kan thaw ïa ki aiñ synshar bad jingpynïaidkam jong ka Hima khlem da ktah ne tam pud sha ki bynta jong ka leh niam leh rukom? Ïa ka Hima Khyrim la seng halor ka jingngeit tynrai ba u “Lei Shyllong u dei u nongseng nongbuh bad kumta ki khun ki hajar na kylleng ki Raij ki ai ka nguh ka dem, ka duwai ka phirat ha ka leh niam Pomblang kaba shisien shi snem. Lah ban ong ba khlem ka Pomblang ka Hima Khyrim kam lah ban ieng bad khlem ka Hima Khyrim ka Pomblang Nongkrem ruh kan ym don. Ka jingbteng bad ka jingneh jong ka Hima Khyrim ka shong ha ka jinglah jong ki Syiem, ki Bakhraw batri bad ki khun ki hajar ban bat ban ksoh ïa ka jingngeit tynrai kaba ki la ïoh pateng.
Ka Jingïakhajia pud: Haduh mynta ki nongshong shnong ha ka thaiñ khappud Jylla Assam bad Meghalaya, ki im ha ka jingtieng na ka daw ka jingïakhajia pud hapdeng ka Assam bad Meghalaya. Na ka por sha ka por ka ju mih ka jingïakynad kaba lam sha ka jingïapynïap briew bad jingpynjot ïa ki jaka rep bad kumta ter ter. U pud u sam hadpeng ka Meghalaya bad Assam la batai shai ha ka section 5 jong ka North East Areas (Re organization) Act 1971, pule lang bad ka section 3 jong ka Assam Reorganization (Meghalaya) Act 1969 bad ka para 20 jong ka Sixth Schedule. U pud jong ka Meghalaya-Assam u jrong haduh 885 Kms lynter.
Ha ka snem 1875 ka la don ka jingdawa ban pynphai ïa ki 10 tylli ki shnong Khasi kiba don hapoh ka Mouza Nuinah sha Khasi Hills. Bad kane ka jingdawa ka la pynlong ïa ka Sorkar British ban thung ïa ki boundary commissioner, kaba kynthup ïa ki Deputy Commissioner jong ka Kamrup bad United Khasi & Jaiñtia Hills District, katkum ka hukum No. 1668 Fort William 23 November 1875, bad ka kamram jong kine ki Commissioner ka long ban jurip bad batai shai la ki 10 tylli ki shnong ki hap hapoh ka Kamrup ne ka Khasi Hills District.” U Chief Commissioner ka Assam, u kynthoh kumne ha ka file, “ba ki Deputy Commissioner jong ka Kamrup bad Khasi Hills ki la sdang ïa ka kam ban jurip bad batai ïa u pud u sam, hynrei ki don ruh kiwei ki jaka kiba kongsan ba ki dei ban shim bad khmih bniah, nalor kitei ki shnong ka thaiñ Nongpoh. Kumta la sngewdei ban bthah ba kine ki ar ngut ki Deputy Commissioner kin jurip bniah bad batai shi syndon ïa u pud u sam jong kine ki ar tylli ki District, kata ka Kamrup (Assam) bad United Khasi & Jaiñtia Hills (kaba hap ha Meghalaya mynta).” Ïa ka rai jong ki Boundary Commissioner bad jingbatai ïa u pud u sam hapdeng ka Kamrup bad United Khasi & Jaiñtia Hills District la pynmih paidbah ha ka Notification No. 1430 Dated 14 September 1876.
Naduh ka snem 1875 u Shillong Sing na Nongpoh u la ieng pyrshah ïa ka rai jong ka Sorkar British ban pynhap ïa ki shnong Khasi shapoh ka Kamrup District. Kumjuh ruh ka Hima Mylliem ka la ieng pyrshah ïa ka hukum bad jingbatai ïa u pud u sam kaba la pynmih ha ka snem 1876. U Syiem bad ka Dorbar ka Hima Mylliem ki la ujor pyrshah hakhmat ka Chandrachud Committee kumne- “ba ka jingbatai ïa u pud u sam katkum ka Notification 1876, kam lah ban treikam hapoh ka Hima Mylliem namar ba ka Hima Mylliem ka dei ka Hima Khasi ba pura bad kam hap hapoh ka Khasi & Jaiñtia Hills District lane British India.”
Sa kawei ka jingeh ka long ba u thning jong ka jingïakynad pud hapdeng ka Assam bad Meghalaya ka dei ka jingbatai kaba don ha ka Para 20(2) jong ka Sixth Schedule bad kane ka para ka ong, “ba ka United Khasi & Jaiñtia Hills District kan kynthup ïa baroh ki jaka kiba hap hapoh ki Hima Khasi bad Khasi-Jaiñtia Hills ha shuwa ban ïoh ka jinglaitluid.”
Ka Hima Khyrim kaba kdup ïa ki jait niam, ki jait jingngeit bapher bad ka jingma jong ka jingshongshit niam bad jingshongshit jaidbynriew:
Sa kawei pat ka bynta kaba don ha ka documentary film, the Blood and the Border, bad kaba khring ïa ka jingmut jingpyrkhat ka dei ka jingduwai Khristan jong u Lyngdoh ka Raij Mawshai, uba ha ka por ba u tyrwa ïa u langknia, u la duwai jur hakhmat u Syiem u Kmie kumne- “Ko Syiem ba don burom, ko duhalia, une u blang u ban ïasaid ïathew na ka bynta ka bha ka miat jong ka Hima, na ka bynta ka bit ka biang jong u khun u hajar…U Blei u ong, ba me dei ban mane ïa nga…Kumba u Blei u la hukum ïa u Moses, ko Moses to hukum ïa ki khun Israel ba kin ot ïa uto u langbrot na ka bynta ban weng ïa ki jingeh jong ki khun Israel…”
Ïa kane ka jinglong tynrai jong ka Hima Khyrim ban kdup bad burom ïa baroh ki jait niam ne jait jingngeit kiba don hapoh ka Hima, la buh jingthoh janai ha ka kotkhubor, U Nongïalam Khristan, ha ki snem 1914-15. Ha ki jingthoh jong kane ka kotkhubor la shem ïa ka jingïadei kaba jan, khamtam ha ka por jong u Syiem Dakhor Singh, hapdeng U Syiem bad ki khun ki hajar Khristan jong ka Hima. Ki paw ha ki jingthoh ba U Syiem u long u nongkyrshan ba radbah jong ka Jingïaseng bah ki Khristan Khyrim bad u ju don ryngkat ha ka jingïaseng bah kaba shisien shi snem jong ki Khristan ka Hima Khyrim. U Syiem Dakhor Singh u ju kyrshan ruh ïa ki kam mission jong ka Balang Methodist Presbyterian ban kyntiew ïa ka Hima bad u ju noh sha u Synniang ki Khristan Khyrim.
Mynta kumne, ka jingkhie im bad jingleh donbor jong ki riewshit niam ha ka Ri India, kiba pynshong nongrim ïa ki kam jong ki ha ka jingisih, jingïaumsnam bad jingpynpait pynpra ïa ka imlang sahlang, ka long kaba ishyrkhei bad ka buh jingma. Ki rit paid ki im hapdeng ka jingsheptieng bad jingsyier. Ka long kaei kaei kaba sngewdiaw ban ïohi lyngba ki lad pathai khubor ïa ki briew kiba lui lui kiba ngat ha ka apot sepngi ba kin hap ban pynshisha ïalade ba ki dei ki nongshong shnong, tang namar ba ki kren da kiwei pat ki ktien lane tang namar ba kim dei na ka ki niam jong ki heh paid, kum ka niam Hindu.
Kaei kaba jia bad kaba ngi sakhi mynta ha Ri India ïa ka jingkhie rasong jong ki kynhun shit niam Hindu ka ktah ïa ka Ri baroh kawei bad ka bri hynñiewtrep ka ri jong ki rit paid kan ym lait na kane. Ka don ka jingsngew artatien ba shen ki heh paid jong ka niam Hindu hapoh ka jingïalam jong ki riewshit niam, lehse kin sa thombor halor ka khyndew ka shyiap bad pynkylla ïa ki riti ki dustur kaba ngi la ïoh pateng na ki longshuwa manshuwa.
Ki khun hynñiewtrep kim dei ki Hindu, kim dei hi ruh ki Khristan ne ki Muslim. Ngi don la ka jong ka tynrai long jaidbynriew kaba kyrpang. Phewse, byrngut byrnget ka paw ba ki don ki para ri kiba thap sngewthuh bakla bad kwah ban wanrah da kawei pat ka rukom pyrkhat lane ban pynshlur ïa ki riewshit niam na ki jait niam bapher (khamtam ki naim heh paid) ban pynksan jubor ba tang ka jingngeit jong ki ka long kaba dei. Lehse ki kwah ruh ban pynlong ïa ka Jylla Meghalaya, ka Jylla jong ki heh paid ha kaba yn don tang kawei ka niam, kawei ka ktien bad kawei ka kolshor. Kane ka buh jingma bad lada ka long kumta ka Jylla ne ka Jaitbynriew, kan pra lyngkhot lyngkhai bad kan don ka jingbym shongsuk ha ka imlang sahlang. Namar kata ka daw, ka long kaba kongsan ba ki nongshong shnong kin ïawan lang ban pynneh pynsah ïa ki jinghikai shong tynrai ban burom bad ñiewkor iwei ïa iwei kumba ka la long ha ka Hima Khyrim mynnor.
Ïa nga shimet “Ka Pomblang Nongkrem” kan sah hi kum ka jingmaïan kaba khraw kaba ngan ym lah ban ngam sha trai ki thwei jong ka. Nga ai khublei bad kyrkhu kyrdoh ïa u para, u Wanphrang Diengdoh ba un nang lah ban sei madan ïa kiei kiei kiba bun kiba ngim shemphang.
