Kyrsoibor Pyrtuh
Ma Ngi Ki Paid Nongshong Shnong: Ma ngi ki paid nongshong shnong ngi ngeit ba ka Riti Synshar (Constitution) ka dei ka Aiñ Tynrai kaba pynïaid ïa ka Synshar Khadar ha ka Ri India. Ma ngi ki paid nongshong shnong ngi la ai sha lade ïa kane ka Aiñ Tynrai kaba long halor ki Aiñ baroh, pynban ka long ruh ka Aiñ Tynrai kaba ïar bad jem kum ka jri, bad kaba lah ban kdup bad kynthup ïa ki jingangnud bad jingphohsniew jong ki paid nongshong shnong, ki kynhun niam ne jingngeit kiba pher. Kaba ñiewkor ïa ki jait ktien, kolshor bad ki jaitbynriew kiba pher bad kiba ïapher kawei na kawei pat. Nalor nangta ki seng saiñ hima ne kynhun bapher ki ïoh ka hok bad jinglaitluid ban seng nongrim bad pynïeng ïa la ki jong ki saiñpyrkhat.
Ka Shillong Records Collection Centre ka la rakhe ïa ka jingdap 75 snem jong ka jingpdiang ïa ka Riti Synshar ka Ri India ha ka 26 November 2024 da kaba pynmih ruh ïa ka kot kaba kyrteng, India: From 1915 to 1950, ïa ka Shillong Records Collection Centre la seng khnang halor kawei ka saiñpyrkhat bad ka jingthmu ban pynurlong ïa ka jingangnud jong ki khun ki hajar ka Bri Hynñiewtrep katkum ki soskular kiba la ïateh bad ka Sorkar India. Ban sot na katei ka kot, “Hapdeng ka 15 August 1947 bad 25 tarik January 1950, ka long ka por jong ka jingaiti pateng ïa ka synshar khadar na ki British sha ki trai shnong ka Ri India. Kumta kane ka dei ruh ka khep kaba jwat bad ha kum kane ka por la thaw ïa ka Riti Synshar ka Ri India bad la pdiang bad mynjur ïa ka ha ka 26 November 1949. Ka Riti Synshar ka ai ha ki paid nongshong shnong ïa ka hok ban ïalong mar ryngkat, ka ai ïa ka hok ha iwei pa iwei i nongshong shnong ban im laitluid, ban im don burom bad ruh ka jingïalong kawei ka Ri. Ha ka snem 1976, ha ka jingpynkylla kaba 42 ïa ka Riti Synshar, la bsuh noh da ki kyntien ka jingïawan lang bad jingïalong kawei ka Ri ha ka jaka ka jinglong kawei ka Ri”.
Ha kane ka juk jong ka jingïa-isih bad jingpynïashun jaitbynriew ne para briew kaba shyrkhei bad kaba la kyrshan bad ïada da ki nongsynshar ne seng saiñ hima ne kynhun jong ki heh paid, Ma ngi ki paid nongshong shnong ngi dei ban ïeng pyrshah ïa ka jingleh bad jingsynshar donbor jong ki heh paid kiba ban beiñ ïa ki para nongshong shnong bad ki rit paid. Ki dkhot jong ka Drafting Committee kiba thoh bad pynwandur ïa ka Riti Synshar ki la ïathuh lypa ba donkam ban bsuh ïa ka kyntien jong ka jingïalong shipara bad ka jingïaburom kylliang hapoh ka Riti Synshar bad ki thoh kumne- “Ka Committee ka sngewdonkam namarkata ban bsuh ïa kane ka kyntien ka jingïalong shipara ha ka maitphang jong ka Riti Synshar bad kan ym don da kawei pat ka por ban ïa kane kaba mynta kaba kyntu jur ïa ngi ban da bsuh syndon da ki kyntien kiba shai hapoh ka Riti Synshar halor ka jingïalong shipara ki nongshong shnong ka Ri India.” (The Draft Constitution Dated 21 February 1948)
Ki Pasoh History Ka Bri Hynñiewtrep Hapoh Ka Riti Synshar Ka India: Kane ka mat kan ai jingmut ïa ngi ba ngin peiphang kumno ba ka Bri Hynñiewtrep ka ïasoh bad ka Ri India. Ka jingdawa jong ki khun ki hajar ka Bri Hynñiewtrep ban ïoh ïa ka kyrdan kaba kyrpang hapoh ka Riti Synshar ka India ka long kaba shongnia bad hapdeng ka snem 1946 bad 1949 ka Ri Hynñiewtrep ka don hapdeng ka jingïaksaid kaba shyrkhei kumno ban pynwandur ïa ka synshar khadar hapoh ka Ri India kaba laitluid. ñiuma, ka don ruh ka jingïatan tyllai bad ka jingïaprat jingmut kaba jur hapdeng ki ar kynhun, kata ka Federation of Khasi States ne ka Synjuk ki Hima Khasi bad ka Khasi-Jaiñtia Federated National Conference, ka seng jong ki riewshimet kaba la ïalam da u Rev J.J.M Nichols Roy.
Ha ka Bri Hynñiewtrep, ka jingïakhun ban ïoh ïa ka hok ban synshar hi da lade ïalade ka la sdang naduh ka snem 1923. Da ka jingïohi lypa ïa kiei ki ban sa jia ha ka jylli synshar, ki katto katne ngut ki rangbah, kum U Kmuin Manik, Syiem ka Hima Mylliem, Bidor Singh, Syiem ka Hima Nongkhlaw, Rev J.J.M Nichols-Roy, Babu Wilson Reade bad kiwei ki la phah ïa ka notis, tarik 27-7-23 sha baroh ki Syiem, Myntri, nongsynshar bad ki riewpaidbah ban ïalum bad wan sha ka Dorbar ka ban long ha Shillong ha ki tarik 4 haduh 6 September 1923. Lyngkot ka notis ka thoh kumne, “Phi tip mynta ha kane ka ri India ka jingkhih bad jingïaleh kaba jur ba ki nong India hi kin ïoh synshar ïa la ka ri. Naduh ka snem 1921 ka jingsynshar ïa kane ka ri India…da ka Sorkar Bilat ka la sdang ban kylla…Lehse hapdeng shiphew snem naduh mynta kin bun shibun eh ki nong-India ki ban shim ïa ka jaka ki Phareng…te ka dei eh ïa ngi ban ïa kyndit bynriew ban pyrkhat ïa la ka ri ha ka jingïadei bad kata ka jingsynshar thymmai…Ngim dei shuh ban samthiah. Lada ngim khih kloi mynta ngin babe hadien ka bym lah ong shuh…”
Ha ka por ba ka Ri India ka ïoh ïa ka jinglaitluid, ki don kumta 25 tylli ki Hima Khasi kiba la ïasoi ne ïateh soskular bad ka Sorkar British bad kine ki Hima ki don ka hok ban ïoh ïa ka jinglaitluid kaba pura hadien ba ka Sorkar British ka la mih na Ri India. Ym kum kiwei pat ki Hima ne Princely State kiba la ïasoh pura bad aiti lut ïa ka bor synshar sha ka Sorkar India, ki Hima Khasi ki la ïasoi tang ïa ka Instrument of Accession hapdeng ka snem 1947 bad 1948 bad kim shym la ai bor kut ne pyndem lut ïa ka bor synshar hapoh ka Sorkar India. Hynrei ka don pat ka jingsngewthuh ba ki Hima Khasi ki la pdiang ïa ka Riti Synshar ka Ri India da kaba ki khun ki hajar jong ki, ki la pdiang bad ïashim bynta ha ka election sha ka ïingdorbar Thaw Aiñ ka Ri India kaba nyngkong eh ha ka snem 1952. La bsuh ruh ïa ka Khyrnit Bahynriew ne Sixth Schedule ha ka Riti Synshar na ka bynta ban pynneh pynsah bad ïada ïa ki jaitbynriew trai ri ka Assam Province, pynban ym shym la pynkyrpang ïa ki Hima Khasi kiba la ïasoi ïa ka Instrument of Accession.
Ka la don ruh ka jingpyrshang ban pynïoh biang ïa ka kyrdan kum ka Hima Khasi kaba pura ïa ka Hima Sutnga ne Hima Jaiñtia bad ban pynphai biang ïa baroh ki shnong kiba hap hapoh ka Khasi bad Jaiñtia Hills District sha ki Hima Khasi kumba ki ju don mynshuwa bad ban wanlam ïa ka Ri Hynñiewtrep hapoh kawei ka jingsynshar. ïa kane ka jingthmu la pynrung hapoh ka kyndon jong ka Annexed Agreement jong ka Instrument of Accession. Ka kyndon kaba saw jong ka Annexed Agreement ka kren shai kumne- “Ba ka Federation ka kyntu ba dei ban ai jingïarap bad jingkyrshan na ka bynta ka jingthmu ban pynïatylli bad ban lum lang ïa baroh ki shnong bad Hima Khasi hapoh kawei ka jingsynshar. Ba dei ban shah bad pynshlur ïa ki shnong Khasi kiba hap hapoh ka Khasi bad Jaiñtia Hills District, hynrei kiba angnud ban pynïasoh biang sha ki Hima Khasi ha kaba ki la ju long ka bynta jong ki ha ki por kiba mynshuwa. Dei ban plie lad ruh ïa kiwei ki shnong kiba la shah synshar ha ka Sorkar British ba kin ïasoh lang kawei ka kynhun bad ban pynïasoh bad ka Federation”.
Ha ka paper kaba ym pat shim la pynmih paidbah kaba kyrteng, Government and Politics in North East India, la kynthoh kumne- “Ba ki Hima Khasi kim shym la kwah ne pynpaw ïa ka jingkwah jong ki ban hap hapoh ka Sixth Schedule. Ha kawei pat ka liang, ki la pynpaw shai kdar ba ki kwah ban ïoh ïa ka jingsynshar kaba laitluid bad kaba kyrpang, ryngkat lang bad ki shnong kiba ju hap hapoh ka Sorkar British. Ban synshar hi da lade ïalade hapoh ki kyndon kiba kyrpang jong ka Riti Synshar ka Ri India kumba la saiñdur ha ka Annexed Agreement. Ka rai jong ka Khasi States Constitution Making Dorbar kaba long ha ka 21 July 1949, ka shat phalang ïa kane ka jingshisha. Hynrei ka long pat kaba sngewlyngngoh ba la pynhap jubor ïa ki Hima Khasi hapoh ka Sixth Schedule. Hooid, ka Sixth Schedule ka don shibun ki jingduna, phewse lah ban ong pat ba ka long ka khyrnit kaba lah ban pyntreikam tang shipor katba ym pat lah ban wanrah ne bsuh ïa ki kyrdon kiba kyrpang bad ki ïadei kyrdan bad ka Instrument of Accession kaba la ïasoi hapdeng ki Hima Khasi bad ka Sorkar India”.
Ka jingïatai nia hapoh ka Bri Hynñiewtrep halor ka jingshah pynhiar kyrdan jong ki Hima Khasi sha ka Sixth Schedule bad ka jingsoi ïa ka Instrument of Accession ka dang im haduh mynta. U Syed Mahamad Saadulla u la kdew ba ka jingpynrung ïa ki Hima Khasi hapoh ka Sixth Schedule ka dei ka jingdkoh, katba u Rev J. J. M Nichols-Roy u pdiang sngewbha bad shim ba ka Sixth Schedule ka la pynlah ïa ki khun ki hajar ki Hima Khasi bad ki nongshong shnong jong ka Khasi bad Jaiñtia Hills District ban ïawan lang hapoh kawei ka rukom synshar. Ha kawei pat ka liang, u Prof G. G Swell da ka jingthoh u la pyrshah jur ïa ka jingpynrung jubor ïa ki Hima Khasi hapoh ka Sixth Schedule da kaba ong, “Ba dei namar kane ka daw ba ngi pyrshah ïa ka jingpynrung ïa ki Hima Khasi hapoh ka Sixth Schedule namar kane ka mut ba ngi aiti ne pyndem ïalade hapoh ka Sorkar Assam bad ba ngi shah pynhap hapoh ka jingsynshar jong ka Assam. Ngi pyrkhat ba da kaba pynneh ne pynshong ïa ki Hima Khasi ha ka jaka kaba laitluid bad kyrpang, ngin jin da la ïoh kham kloi ïa la ka jong ka Jylla ba pura. Phewse ka jingthmu bad jingtrei jong ngi ka shu bijai ei, watla ngi don ïa ka jingbun paid ha ka Dorbar Thaw Riti jong ki Hima Khasi.”
Ka ri ki lyoh hapoh ka riti synshar ka India: Ha u ‘nai kylla lyngkot jong ka snem 1972, ka Meghalaya ka la ïoh ïa ka Jylla ba pura bad la pynïaid ïa ka Jylla katkum ka Riti Synshar ka Ri India. Ngi la ïasoh bad ka Ri India bad ruh ngi la pdiang ïa ka Riti Synshar, hynrei dang bun byllai ki jingangnud bad jingdawa kiba khlem pat shym la urlong satia. Khnang ban pynurlong ne pynïoh ha ki khun ka Bri Hynñiewtrep ïa kata ka hok ban synshar hi da lade ïalade donkam ban pyntreikam pura bad bsuh ïa ki kyndon kiba don ha ka Annexed Agreement hapoh ka Riti Synshar ka Ri India. Hynrei mynta haba ngi shim ïa kane ka sien jam, ngi dei ban leh phikir bha ban ym kyntait ne khñiot beiñ ïa kiwei pat ki bym dei na ka jaitbynriew Hynñiewtrep kiba la shong la sah bad pynlong ïing hangne mynta la palat spah snem.
Lah 75 snem mynta naduh ba la pyntreikam ïa ka Riti Synshar ka Ri India ha ka 26 January 1950, ma ngi ki paid nongshong shnong jong ka Jylla ngi la ïoh jingmyntoi bad ïai bteng ban ïoh jingmyntoi na ka Riti Synshar ka Ri India. Ngi ïoh ruh ïa ki hok bad ki jingïada kiba bun, kum na ka Sixth Schedule, ka Reservation bad na ki kyndon kiba kyrpang na ka bynta ki rit paid. Kine ki kyndon bad ka Riti Synshar hi baroh kawei ki kyrshan bad pynlah ïa ngi iwei pa iwei i nongshong shnong bad ka jaitbynriew ban kiew shaphrang ha kiba bun ki liang. Hapdeng kine ki jingkyrkhu bad jingmyntoi, ma ngi ki paid nongshong shnong bad ka Jylla ngi mad ïa ki jingeh kiba bun, kum ka jingduk, ka jinghiar ka kamai kajih bad ka ïoh ka kot. Nangta, ka jingkyrduh kam, ka bamsap, ka jingkynrei ka jingkyrni khaïi bad jingdih drok. Kiba duk ki nang duk katba kiba riewspah ki nang riewspah bad ki nongsynshar bad kiba don jingïadei bad ki, ki la thaw la ka jong ka dew lynnong, katba ïa kata ka dewlynnong la ker sawdong da ki jaka shong ne ki shnong jong ki briew kiba kordit, kiba kyrduh, kiba pang, kiba khrew, kiba ïap thngan bad ki shah ban beiñ. Ka long ruh kaba lyngngoh ba wat ki saphret saphrong jong kata ka roi ka par, kaba ki nongsynshar ki kop sarong, kim shym jaw ne hap ha ki paid nongshong shnong, pynban ki nongsynshar ki heh saipan ki nang lum spah naphang lin bad tuh ne kurup lut ïa ka spah ka phew bad jingkyrkhu jong u Blei.
Ha kine ki khyndiat sngi, ka Jylla Meghalaya lyngba ki Myntri Sorkar bad ki katto katne nongïalam seng saiñ hima, i kumba ki thmu ne kwah ban pynkylla ïa ka Jylla Meghalaya kum ka Jylla jong ki heh paid Khristan. Kane ka jingkwah ne ka jingthmu ka long ka bym dei bad ngi dei ïeng pyrshah bad kyntait mardor ïa ka. Ma ngi ki paid nongshong shnong ngi dei ban ïatreilang ban pynneh pynsah bad ïada ïa ka Aiñ Tynrai bad ki nongrim tynrai, kum ka jingïaburom kylliang bad jinglong mar ryngkat jong baroh ki niam, ki kolshor bad jingngeit bad ka jinglaitluid kumba la pruid dak ha ka Riti Synshar jong ka Ri India.
