Kyrsoibor Pyrtuh
Lehse tang ha ka por ba dawa ban pynbha ïa ka Reservation Policy, ban kyntiew ïa ka tulop ne ki jingsiew ba kyrpang, ba ki nongtrei sorkar ne ki nongtrei ha ki ophis ba kyrshan ka Sorkar bad ki nongwad kam ki mih shakhmat bad ïa wanlang hapoh ki seng bapher ban pynbor ïa ka Sorkar ban ai ïa ki jingdawa. Lait nangta, ki nongtrei nongbylla ha Meghalaya ki long kumba ki ju long. Ka Meghalaya ka don la ka jong ka history kaba ïasoh bad ka jingthaw jingpynlong bad jingïakhih na ka bynta ki hok jong ki nongtrei-nongbylla la bun phew snem mynta hapoh ka jinglam khmat jong ki Seng nongtrei-nongbylla ka Ri India, kum ka All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) bad ka Indian National Trade Union Congress (INTUC). Niuma, kam pat ju don koit ka seng nongtrei nongbylla kaba mih ne kha napoh ka khyndew ka Jylla Meghalaya ka ban ïeng bad ïakhun na ka bynta ki nongtrei-nongbylla kiba trei hapoh ki bor synshar ne nongaikam jong Jylla.
Ki Nongtrei-Nongbylla ha ka Juk Neo-Liberal: Ha kaba ïadei bad ka ïoh ka kot, ka kamai kajih ne khaïi pateng bad ka ïohkam, ngi im mynta ha ka juk neo-liberal. Ha kiwei pat ki kyntien, ha kine ki spah snem ba dang shu leit, la pynïaid ïa ka pyrthei da ka saiñ pyrkhat capitalism, kaba ngeit ba u ne ka briew shimet ki lah ban lum spah bad ba ka spah ka lang lynnong tang ha ki katto katne ki lynghoh kti. Kam don jingbakla ban riewspah ne ban kamai na ka bynta ban bit ban biang bad aram ka jingim. Hynrei kane ka saiñ pyrkhat capitalism, ka la pynkha ïa ka kharai kaba pynïakhlad ïa uba duk na uba riewspah, kiba nangduk ki nangduk bad kiba riewspah ki nangriewspah kynsha. Ym tang katta, ka wanrah ka jinglah shilliang ha ka kamai kajih bad mynta lei tang kito kiba don jingïadei bad ki nongsynshar ki kiew spah buk buk. Kane ka saiñpyrkhat ka ïai bteng bad mynta ki nongkhaïi riewshimet ki la nang ïohbor bad laitluid shuh shuh ban batai, ban pynïaid ïa ka ïew ka hat, ka khaïi pateng bad ban buh dor ïa ki mar ki mata katkum ka mon bad na ka bynta ka jingïohnong jong ki shimet. Kane ka juk ka pynkha ïa ka jingkhwan myntoi bad ka jingrhah spah kaba shyrkhei khlem salia ne pyrkhat bynriew shuh ïa kiwei bad khamtam na ka bynta ki longdien.
Naduh ki snem 1990, ka Ri India bad Jylla Meghalaya ki la pdiang bad pyntreikam ïa kata ka “neo-liberal policy” bad kumta ka jingsngewthuh shaphang uei ne kaei ki nongtrei-nongbylla ka la kylla bad wat ka jingpynmih ïa ki mar ki mata ruh ka la kylla. Ki nongkhaïi riewshimet ki la lah ban khaïi laitluid khlem ki jingteh kyndon, ki bat bad pynïaid hi ma ki ïa ka ïew ka hat, ka dor ka mur bad kumta ka jyllei ka jinglum spah jong ki nongkhaïi riewshimet ha ka kyrteng jong ka roi ka par, ka jingkyntiew ïa ka kamai kajih, ka ïohkam ïohjam bad ka ïoh ka kot. Ha shuwa ïa kane, ha Ri India, ïa u ne ka nongtrei nongbylla la ju ïiew ba ki dei kiba biang ka kamai kajih bad kumta ka jingim jong ki ka long kaba shngaiñ. Hynrei mynta ha ka juk neo-liberal ngi sakhi ïa ka jingkiew ka jingdon ki nongtrei kiba trei contractual ne kiba trei ïa ki jait kam kiba neh tang shipor bad ki bym ïoh ïa ki jingmyntoi, kum ka bai dawai, ki shuti, ka jingkyntiew bai nong bad kumta ter ter. Kane ka jingpynkylla ïa ka rukom ai kam ai jam na kata ka rukom kaba shngaiñ bad thikna sha ka jingpynmih ne jingpynkha ïa ki kam kiba tang shipor ne contractual ki bym don jingïada ïa ki hok bad khlem ki jingmyntoi, ka buh ïa ki nongtrei-nongbylla bad ïa ka kamai jakpoh ha ka jingeh kaba khraw tam.
Haba pule bniah ïa ka kaiphot ïohkam ïohjam ha kine ki 20 snem tam naduh ba la pyntreikam ïa ka “neo-liberal policy” ha India, ka Prachi Salve ka kdew ba haduh 90% na ki kam ki jam ne ki lad ïoh kam ba la pynmih ha kine ki 20 snem, ki dei ki kam thohmut thohmat bad ki bym thikna. Kiba bun ki kam kiba la pynmih ki hap ha ka thup kaba ki khot ka “informal sector”, kaba mut ba ki nongtrei-nongbylla kiba hap ha kane ka thup kim ïoh ïa ki hok jong ki bad ki trei ïa ki kam ne ha ki jaka trei ha kaba ki aiñ kim lah ban ïada ne treikam na ka bynta jong ki. Ki nongtrei-nongbylla kim ïoh ïa ki jingmyntoi ba ki dei ban ïoh, kum ka shuti, ka provident fund, ka bai dawai, ka jingkyntiew ïa ka bai nong bad kumta ter ter. Ki nongtrei-nongbylla kim don jingshngaiñ namar ha kano ma ka por ki lah ban shah beh kam. Kumta kane ka “neo-liberal policy” kam shym la lah ban pynlait im ïa ki briew na ka jingduk bad kam shym la lah ban kyntiew ïa ka jingim jong ki nongtrei nongbylla, kumba la kam da ki nongïalap ba shit rhem jong ka bad ka jingshah ban beiñ ki nongtrei-nongbylla ka ïai bteng haduh mynta.
Ka jingkylla ha ka rukom ïohkam ïohjam ha kane ka juk ka la pynkha ïa ka jinglah shilliang ha ka kamai kajih, ha kaba kiba ïohnong ki nang ïoh kham bun shah bad kiba nangduh nong ki nang duh, ki nang stait bad nang swai. Ka jingduk, ka jingbun ki samla kiba khlem kam bad kiba shaniah tylli ha ka kamai ki kmie ki kpa ka nangkiew. Lada don kino kino ki seng jong ki nongtrei nongbylla kiba ïakhun ha kane ka juk, kaba don ha khmat jong ki ka long ban ïakhun pyrshah ïa kane ka jingpynkylla ïa ka rukom ïohkam ïohjam na ki kam kiba thikna bad ba don jingshngaiñ, sha ki kam kiba malu mala bad ki bym don jingïada ïa ki hok jong ki nongtrei-nongbylla.
Ha Meghalaya ka long kaba shitom ban ïoh ki jingtip kiba thikna halor ka jingdon bad ka jinglong jingman jong ki nongtrei-nongbylla. Hynrei ha ka snem 2017, u Prof S. S Umdor u la ai ar tylli ki jingbatai bad jingtip kiba ïar shaphang ki nongtrei-nongbylla kiba bylla ha ki jaka treikam ne ki kam ki bym don jingshngaiñ, kiba ki khot ki “informal worker”. Kawei, ka dei ka kynhun jong ki nongtrei-nongbylla kiba trei ïa ki kam rep ne kiba bylla rep bad kine ki don haduh 6.9 lak ngut, kaba long shi phew shah na ka jingdon jong ki nongtrei ha ki ophis sorkar. Kaba ar, ka dei ka kynhun jong ki nongtrei-nongbylla kiba trei da kiwei pat ki kam ne ha ki jaka treikam kiba ki khot ka “informal sector” bad kine ki don kumba 78% bad lait na kiba rep, bun na ki ki dei kiba trei ïa ki jaitkam kiba ai jingshakri ne kiba pynbiang ïa ki jingdonkam jong ki paidbah nongshong shnong.
Ki Mat ïatai Halor Ka Gig Economy: Dang shen ka la sdang treikam kata kaba ki riewstad ki ong ka “gig economy”. Kaei kata ka “gig economy” ne kiei kita ki “gig worker”? Ka jingbatai ka long ba ka “gig work” ka dei ba ki nongtrei-nongbylla ki trei ïa ki kam ban pynbiang ïa ki jingdonkam jong ki briew ha ka por ba ki donkam bad katkum ka por ba la buh. Kawei ka nuksa kaba ngi lah ban ai ka long ba ki “gig worker” ki dei ki nongtrei kiba pynpoi ïa ki bam, ki tiar ne ki mar ki mata ba ki nongshong shnong shimet ki thied lyngba ki bor internet bad ki leit pynpoi ïa ki ha ki tyngkong ïing. Ha kine ki khyndiat snem ngi sakhi ïa ka jingkiew stet jong kine ki jaitkam ha Nongbah Shillong bad Meghalaya, bad ka jingbun jong ki samla kiba trei ïa kine ki jaitkam ne “gig work”.
Ha Ri India ki don bun ki “gig company” kiba heh kum ka Ola, Uber, Swiggy, Zomato, Domino, Amazon, Big Basket, Urban Company bad kiwei kiba pynïaid kam lyngba ki bor internet ne “app-based aggregator company”. Katto katne na ki “gig economy” ki la treikam ruh ha Meghalaya bad ka paw kumba ka dei ka lad ïohkam ïohjam ne lad kamai jakpoh kaba khraw. ïiuma, ka “gig economy” ne “gig work” kam lait na ki jingeh bad bun ki samla ki ngat ha kane ka apot kaba ktah ïa ka kamai jakpoh jong ki namar ka jingbym don jong ka aiñ kaba kyrpang na ka bynta ki “gig worker” ha ka Jylla. Ki katto katne ki jingeh ki long; ka jingbym shngaiñ ne jingbymthikna ka kamai kajih, ka koit ka khiah, ka jingbym don ki lad jingïada ban ïada na ki jingeh kiba lah ban mih ha ka por bylla, ka jingshah shim kabu ha ki company ne ki riewshimet kiba dei ki trai nongai kam bad kumta ter ter.
Ka jinglong jingman bad ki jingeh kiba ki “gig worker” ki mad ha ka Nongbah Shillong kim da ïapher than na kiwei pat ki “gig worker” kiba ha kiwei pat ki Nongbah. Ha Shillong, ka Swiggy ka dei ka “gig company” kaba treikam bha, katba kiwei pat ki company kum ka Ola/Uber kiba ai ka jingshakri kum ki taxi kim pat ïuh kjat ha ka Nongbah. Hynrei namar ka jingjur palat ka dheng kali ha ka Nongbah Shillong, ki nongshong shnong ki la pyndonkam da ki thuk thuk ar shaka ban beh sha ki kam ki jam bad mynta ki la don ki “aggregator company” kiba pynïaid ïa ki thuk thuk ar shaka kiba kamai. Ka jingtreikam jong ki thuk thuk ar shaka ban pynbiang ïa ka jingdonkam jong ki nongleit nongwan ka la long kaba khraw bad ha Shillong ki don da ki hajar ngut kiba kamai jakpoh da ki thuk thuk ar shaka.
Tangba ka Shillong ka don la ka jong ka jinglong, namar kiba bun ki nongkamai da ki thuk thuk ar shaka ne kita ki bike taxi, kim pynïasoh shuh bad ki “gig company”, hynrei ki shu kamai da kaba khroh bad wer hi ïa ki nongleit nongwan kiba ïaid ne ap kali ha surok. Naduh Motphran haduh Khlieh Nongthymmai yn shem ha man ki lad ba ki nongñiah thuk thuk ar shaka ki ap ïa ki nongleit nongwan bad ki tyrwa ban kit ne leit buh sha ki jaka ba ki thmu leit. Kam pher lada ki nongkamai thuk thuk ar shaka ki pynïaid hi shimet ïa ka kamai kajih ne ki pynïasoh ne thep kyrteng bad ki “gig company”, ym lah pat ban len ïa ka jingshisha ba ki nongtrei-nongbylla kiba im bad kamai da ki thuk thuk ar shaka kim lait satia na ki jingeh bad ki jingma kiba ap, lymda don ka aiñ kaba biang ka ban pynïaid bad ïada ïa ka kamai jakpoh jong ki. Kaei kaba ki nongkamai thuk thuk ar shaka ki leh mynta da kaba shu wer ne khroh briew hi, ka ktah ym tang ïa ka kamai jakpoh jong ki, hynrei ka buh jingma ruh ïa ki paidbah nongleit nongwan kiba pyndonkam ïa ka jingshakri jong ki. Kum ka nuksa, lada jia ba don ka jingtyngkhuh kali bad don ka jingmynsaw, ka jingkitkhlieh kan leit sha ki nongñiah bad ka long kaba jynjar ba kin kit.
Ha ka jingïaphylliew jingmut bad ki katto katne ki nongñiah kamai thuk thuk ar shaka la shem ba ki jingeh ba ki ïakynduh ki dei ki jingeh ba kiwei ki “app based gig worker” ki ïashem ha kylleng ka Ri India. Ka nuksa, kiba bun na ki nongbylla ñiah thuk thuk ar shaka kiba la thep kyrteng ha ki “aggregator company” kim tip ne peiphang shaphang ki kyndon (Terms and Conditions) ba la buh bad ki shu pdiang matlah ïa ka soskular jong ka Company ha ka por ba ki pynrung kyrteng ïalade. Ka daw kaba pynlong ïa ki ban ym sngewthuh ka dei ba la thoh ïa ki kyndon ha ka ktien English. La shem ba ha kaba sdang ki nongkamai thuk thuk ar shaka ki shah oh tang 4.5% lane 5% kum ka boina na man la ka kamai ba ki ïoh. Phewse, kat nang ïaid ki por, ka boina ba ka company ka oh ka nang kiew bad nang heh bad la pynksan ba ka company ka dei tang maka kaba lah ban pynbiang ïa ka jingshakri sha ki paidbah. Kumta ka jingdawa ka jur bad ki oh boina khambun, katba ki nongbylla pat kim ïohnong bad ki shah khïoit pynban.
Tang kawei ka jingïapher hapdeng ki “gig worker” ha kiwei ki Nongbah jong ka Ri India bad kiba don ha Shillong ka long ba ki “gig worker” ha kiwei ki Nongbah ki la ïawanlang bad thaw ïa ki Seng jong ki nongtrei nongbylla ne ki Gig Workers Union, katba ha Shillong pat ym don ka seng jong ki “gig worker” bad lehse kane ka ai lad ïa ki “aggregator company” ba kin ïuhroit bad shim kabu ïa ki nongtrei nongbylla. Ka jingseng ïa ka seng jong ki “gig worker” kaba la tip kum ka Indian Federation of App-based Transporter Workers Union (IFAT) ha ka snem 2019 bad ka Telengana Gig and Platform Workers Union (TGPWU) ha ka snem 2020 ka la long ka jingkyrmen bad jingshngaiñ ïa ki nongtrei-nongbylla.
Kine ki seng jong ki “gig worker” ha kiwei ki Jylla, ki la pynlong bun ki jingïakhih paidbah ban pyrshah ïa ka jingban beiñ bad ruh na ka bynta ban ïada ïa ki hok jong ki nongtrei-nongbylla. Ki la lah ruh ban ïasaid bad ki bor sorkar ban khanglad ïa ki company ne nongaikam kiba khïoit beiñ ïa ki nongbylla. Kaba kham ai mynsiem ka long ba na ka jingïakhih paidbah jong ki Seng jong ki “gig worker” ki la don ki Jylla kiba la wanrah ne thaw da ka Aiñ na ka bynta ban ïada bad kyntiew ïa ka jingim jong ki “gig worker”.
Ki Nongrim Tynrai Jong Ka Jingïakhun Ban Pynïoh ïa Ki Hok Jong Ki Nongtrei Nongbylla Ha Meghalaya: Ha kine ki shi phew snem kiba la leit, ka kynhun Thma U Rangli (TUR) ka la trei borbah ban ïalap bad ïakhun na ka bynta ki hok jong ki nongtrei-nongbylla salonsar. Kane ka jingïalap ka long ruh ban seng bad thaw ïa ki seng jong ki nongtrei-nongbylla kiba pher ki ban speh na ka khyndew jong ka Jylla bad ki ban ïakhun na ka bynta ki hok bad ka bha ka miat jong ki nongtrei-nongbylla kiba im bad trei ha Meghalaya, khlem da leh klet ruh ïa ki para nongtrei-nongbylla kiba don ha kylleng ka Ri India. Ka TUR ka la pynmih paidbah ïa ki kot lyngkdop ban pynshai ïa ki nongrim tynrai jong kane ka jingïakhun bad ki jingdawa kiba bun na ka bynta ki nongtrei-nongbylla. Kumta ka long kaba kongsan ban peit biang ïa kane ka kot lyngkdop bad hangne ngan sot tang ïa ki nongrim tynrai jong ka jingïaleh jong ki nongtrei-nongbylla. Namar baroh ki jingdawa ne jingïakhun ki kha ki san bad ki ïoh bor na ki nongrim tynrai:
Wei, ba ka bai bylla ne bai nong ne tulop ïa ki nongtrei-nongbylla kiba im ha ki jaka sor bad nongkyndong, dei ban mang katkum ki dor ki mur jong ki marbam mardih bad ki mar ki mata ha ïew.
Ar, ba ka Sorkar ka dei ban kut jingmut skhem ba pynïoh ïa ka bai bylla sngi ha ka dor ba ki nongtrei nongbylla bad ka ïing ka sem ki lah ban im ha ka burom ka ijot. Ban pynthymmai ïa ka bai bylla sngi man la ka snem bad ka dei ban long katkum ka jingkiew ne jinglong ki dor ki mur ha ïew. Ka bai bylla sngi ne ka tulop jong ki nongtrei-nongbylla ka dei ban long ha ka dor kaba ki nongtrei-nongbylla ki lah ban bsa bad pynbiang ïa ki jingdonkam jong ki khun bad kiwei de ki dkhot jong ka longïing, naduh ka bai skul, ka bai dawai, ka bai um, bai wai ïing, bai bor ding elektrik, bai mobile bad kiwei. Ki Nongbylla ki dei ruh ban ïoh lad ban kynshew na ka bai bylla, khnang kin lah ban thied khyndew ban shna ïing bad kiwei de ki jingdonkam na ka bynta ban pynaram ïa ka jingim.
Lai, ka TUR ka buh jingkheiñ da shi shang ki jingdonkam kiba man la sngi ba ki briew ki donkam eh na ka bynta ka jingim jong ki. Kane ka shang ka kynthup hapoh jong ka ïa ki jingbam jingdih kiba tei bad ruh ïa kiwei jingdonkam kum ka jaiñ, ka ïing shong, ka um, ka bording bad kiwei, ba kawei pa kawei ka longïing ka dei ban ïoh man la ka sngi. Kumta ka bai bylla sngi ka dei ban long ha ka dor ka ban pynlah ïa ki nongtrei-nongbylla ban thied shi shang ki jingdonkam man la ka sngi.
Saw, baroh ki nongtrei-nongbylla ha Meghalaya la ki dei ki trai ri ne kiba wan na kiwei pat ki Jylla ne bar Ri ki dei hok ban ïoh ïa ki jingïada, ki jingmyntoi bad ki hok jong ki katkum ki aiñ. Ka imlang sahlang bad ki bor sorkar ki dei ban ïiewkor ïa ka jingnoh synïiang jong ki nongtrei nongbylla sha ka ïoh ka kot.
