Kyrsoibor Pyrtuh
Ha ka lyngkhuh snem kaba 85 jong ka jingkhlad u Myllung ka Ri, u Babu Soso Tham, bad kum ka dak jong ka jingñiewkor bad ka jingkynmaw ïa u, nga kwah ban pruid halor katei ka phang haneng.
U Babu Soso Tham bad ki Khynnah Skul: Na ki kot ba ngi pule, ngi sngewthuh ba u Babu Soso u ïa thoh kot ryngkat bad ki khynnah skul jong ka Government High School, Shillong, ha kito ki por. Kawei na kita ki kot ka dei ka Poitri Khasi lane ka Duitara Ksiar- “Nga la thait ban hikai kajuh pa kajuh ka kot. Phi ruh ki khynnah skul phi pule kajuh shi kajuh. Ale khynraw! ngin ïa bah wait lyngun hi noh…bad to ngin ïa pynkylla khasi ïa kane ka jingrwai “Drive the Nail Aright”, “Sah beit ïa u prek hep”. U Babu Soso bad ki khynnah skul ki ïa ai mynsiem kylliang iwei ïa iwei, ki ïa shim lang ïa ka jingkitkhlieh ban lur ïa ka lyngkha jong ka thoh ka tar Khasi.
Ha ka lyngkhuh sngi ïap kaba 25 jong u Myllung Soso Tham, kaba la pynlong da ka Khasi Students’ Association ha ka snem 1965, i Bah S. J Duncan (iba la long uwei na ki khynnah skul jong u Babu Soso Tham), i ong kumne- “Nga kynmaw ïa ki snem 1913-14, namar ba ha kito ki snem ka mynsiem u Babu Soso Tham i kumba ka lynga ik shi ik ban pynmih noh shabar ïa kaei kaba u la thaw dur, pynwandur man ka sngi, man u bnai hapoh dohnud bad…ba ka jingtrei shitom ban lum khyndiat pa khyndiat ïa kaba la shlei ha ka jabieng jong u, kan wallam haduh katne ka par ksiar ban pynriewspah ïa ka thoh ka tar u khasi, bad ban da kyntiew kyrdan artat joit ïa ka Jaitbynriew bad ka Ri jong ngi”.
Ha ka jingthoh, U SOSO THAM HA KA AIOM KSIAR, kaba la shon ha ka Magazine jong ka Khasi Students’ Association ha ka snem 1955-56, i bah Oscar M Wahlang i ong- “La kha ïa u Soso Tham ha ka por ba ka Ri kam nang ban ithuh ïa u bad u leit noh shuwa ka por ba ka Ri bad ki jingjia kin jyn da la saiñdur ïa u da uwei pat u poet…U Soso Tham u kham shynna ha ka jingkhraw kum u Kynrad Nongpynkylla ktien (Master Translator)…Shadien jong ki Sngi Barim u Hynñiew Trep, don u Soso Tham; hynrei uba kumno keiñ uta u Soso Tham u long ha ka jinglongbriew, don tang ki syrwet ba ngut ba nget. Ki marryngkat (contemporaries) jong u la kin ym kren ïa u Soso Tham bashisha, hynrei don ki syrwet jong u “Byron Khynnah” (Young Byron) ha ki jingtrei kiba sah. Lada u Soso Tham un ym thoh ïa katei ka kitab jong ka Aiom Ksiar, lehse un dkut mynsiem-uba shah pynshitom bad lanot tam na ki para jingthaw. Ki “Sngi Barim u Hynñiewtrep” ka dei ka jingbuaid lynger (intoxication) jong u Soso Tham kumba u phla ba um ju tip ïa ka art, ka poetry, ka rhyme, ka rythym. Shisha ym ju don ba hikai ïa u, tad haduh ba ki jingkyrduh bad jingthrang ki dung kura ïa u ban ïasyllok bad ka Suna Pani bad kan pyrsad mynsiem ïa u khun ka shadem jong ka…Te u la khlei bad pynman kot pat ïa kata kaba la nguid hyndai…”
Ka Jingroi bad Jingsan Ka Ktien Khasi: Khlem da ïaktaid shuh lymne tih jyliew ïa u synñiang u bynhei ba ki Missionary Khristan bad kiwei ki rangbah Khasi ki la noh sha u thiar jong ka thoh ka tar bad ka pule kot Khasi, ngi dei ban kynmaw ba don artylli ki mat ba kongsan jong ka ktien Khasi, kawei ka dei ka ‘tein kren bad kawei pat ka ‘tein thoh. Nalor nangta ki don sa ki ktien tnat ne ki ktien shnong kiba ju kren ha kylleng ki shnong bad ki thaiñ jong ka bri Hynñiewtrep.
U Professor R.S Lyngdoh u ong, “u khasi hyndai um don ka rukom thohkot jong ka pyrthei mynta, hynrei u don la ka jingtbit ban kynshew ïa ki jingstad ha ki sla ba jyrngam ka mariang…ki long mynta ne ka pateng mynta ka la don la ki kot, hynrei kim pat stad lada ki klet noh ïa ki jingthoh ha ki sla…Kumta ka pynlong ïa u Babu Soso Tham ban ong- “pyrthei mariang baroh sawdong ka dei ka Library…”
U G. A Grierson u dei uba nyngkong duh ban sdang ban wad bniah ïa ki ktien tnat jong ka ktien Khasi ha ka snem 1908 bad u ong ba don lai tylli ki ktien tnat, ka ktien tnat Lyngngam, Synteng bad War. Ha kaba ïadei bad ka jingwad bniah ïa ki ktien tnat, ym lah khlem da ñiewtang ïa ka jingtrei jong ki nongthoh kot bad ki stad ktien (Liquist) trai ri kiba la trei shitom bad sei madan ïa ki ki jingshem jong ki.
I Kong Esther Syiem, i la lah ban jurip bad lum thup shibun tylli ki ktien tnat jong ka ktien Khasi, kita ki long- Nongtalang, Darrang, Umladang, Ïapngar, Nongbri, Mnar, Nongkrem, Khatar Blang, Nongskhen, Umñiuh Tmar, Shella, Mawsynram, Phlangwanbroi, Warding bad Mawpen. Katba i Kong Badaplin War, ha ka jingthoh kaba la pynmih ha ka Journal Thwet Jingstad, i la tohkit ïa ki ktien tnat Mawlai, Jowai, Nongbri, Nongwar bad Pariong.
Nalor kine, i Dorismelincy Byrsat i la pynmih syndon da ka kot, Ka Jingïapher Ktien (Variation) hapdeng Ka Ktien Pdeng (Standard Khasi) bad ka Ktien-Tnat Nongstoiñ (Nongstoiñ Dialect) Ha kane ka kot, i Dorismelincy Byrsat i kynthoh kumne- “Ki jingjurip bniah halor ki ktien tnat jong ka ktien Khasi ki la sdang ban roi khamtam eh ban buh jingthoh (documentation) ïa ki, hynrei ki dang duna ha ka ban pynmih ïa ki ha ki kot kum ka lad ban pynroi ïa ka ktien bad ka thoh ka tar Khasi.”
Ka ktien Khasi ka long kaba suk haba kren bad eh haba thoh bad kumta i Babu S.S Majaw i pynpaw, “ba ka grammar, ki linguistic studies kim don hok ban tehlakam ne tehmraw ïa ka ktien. Ki dei tang ban btin lynti, ban kdew lynti ïa ki nongkren bad ki nongthoh naduh kiba dang rit haduh kiba la san la rangbah. Ngim dei ban pynlong Babel ïa ka ktien Khasi.”
Ki don sa ar tylli kiwei pat ki lad kiba lah ban pynkyntiew bad pynkiew shaphrang ïa ka ktien Khasi, la ha ka thoh ka tar ne ka kren ka khana. Kita ki long, ka jingshim kylliang kyntien bad ka jingsaiñ kyntien thymmai.
Ka shim kylliang kyntien ka long uwei pat u mawkhrum uba kyrshan ïa ka jingroi, ka jingsan bad jingïaid shaphrang jong ka ktien Khasi. I Bakhiamon Rynjah i ong, “ka jingshim kylliang kam mut ba ngi duk, bunsien ka jingshim kylliang ka ïarap ban pynriewspah ïa ka ktien…Ha ka Dictionary jong U Nissor Singh kaba don kumba 6595 tylli ki kyntien. Na kitei, 417 tylli ki kyntien la shim kylliang na ka Indo-Aryan, 34 tylli ki kyntien na ka non Indo-Aryan, 32 tylli na ka English bad 2 na ka Arabic. Katba ha ka Dienshon Hi jong i Rev Ïarington Kharkongngor, kaba don 8033 tylli ki kyntien, la shim kylliang 316 tylli na ka Indo-Aryan, 56 tylli na ka non Indo-Aryan, 53 English, 2 Arabic bad 1 Nepali”.
Ha kajuh ka por, dei ban pynshlur ïa ki nongthoh, ki samla pule ne ki riewthwet jingtip ban saiñ kyntien Khasi thymmai, khamtam ha kane ka juk kaba ngi la pyndonkam ïa ki tiar ki tar ha ka treikam treijam ne ka die ka thied da ki kor ki bor internet bad computer. Dang ha kane ka taïew ba la lah ha ka kot dur kaba la shna bad pynmih da u Tarun Bhartiya, kaba kyrteng Em, No, Nahi, la shem ïa kawei ka kyntien khasi kaba la saiñ thymmai, kata Morañiun, kaba dei ka jingpynkylla ïa ka ktien Uranium. I Babu Dondor Giri Nongkhlaw iba la pynkylla sha ka ktien khasi ïa ka jingthoh halor u Uranium bad kaba la tyngkhap lang ha katei ka kot, i la batai kumne- “Ka kyntien “Mo” ne “Mu” ki dei ki ktien thaiñ Ri Pnar ba mut u Maw. Ka kyntien “Ra” pat ka mut “pyut na shapoh bad ka kyntien “ñiun” ka mut ba ngam ka jingpang shapoh. Kumta Morañiun ka mut u maw ba pynngam bad pynmih jingpang na shapoh”.
Ka Jingdawa Ban Pynrung Ïa Ka Ktien Khasi Hapoh ka 8th Schedule: Ha ka snem 1976, lai snem shuwa ban seng ïa ka Khasi Authors’ Society (KAS), ka Khasi Hills Autonomous District Council, ka la pass ïa ka resolution ban dawa ban ithuh bad pynrung ïa ka ktien Khasi hapoh ka 8th Schedule.
Ka KAS pat ka ïaid lyngba ki ar tylli ki lynti- kawei ka jingdawa na ka Sahitya Academy ban ithuh ïa ka Ktien Khasi kum ka recognised language. Naduh ka snem 1973 ka KAS ka la dawa bad buddien ïa kane ka kam. Ka Executive Board jong ka Sahitya Academy ka la phah arsien ïa ka Expert Committee ban tohkit ïa ka jingroi bad jingriewspah jong ka ktien Khasi ha ka snem 1977 bad 1985. Bad ha ka snem 1985 ka Expert Committee ka la ai ruh ïa ka report jong ka.
Ka jingdawa ban pynrung ïa ka Ktien Khasi ka la nang jam bad ha ka snem 1997, ka KAS ka la dawa na ka Sorkar Jylla ban ithuh ïa ka ktien Khasi kum ka associate official language ha ka Jylla bad ka la shim por ïa ka Sorkar Jylla haduh 2005 ban pynbna ïa kata.
Ka kam ban pynrung ïa ka ktien Khasi hapoh ka 8th Schedule ka dei jong ka Sorkar India, hynrei haduh mynta ka Sorkar India ka sngap man man. Na ki proceeding jong ka Lok Sabha ngi shem ba ka Sorkar India ka la pynkhreh da ka “standard reply” kumne- “There have been demands from time to time for inclusion of Khasi in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution. Central Government had received a proposal in this regard. As the evolution of dialects and languages is a dynamic process, influenced by socio-cultural, economic and political developments, it is difficult to fix any criteria for languages, whether to distinguish them from dialects, or for their inclusion in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution”.
Ka Sorkar India ka la thaw ruh ïa artylli ki Commission halor kane ka kam, ka Pahwa Committee (1996) and Sitakant Mohapatra Committee (2003). Ka Sorkar India kam pat shym lah ban pdiang ïa ki jingai jingmut jong ka Sitakant Mohapatra Committee. Hato kan dei namar kane ka daw ba ym pat lah ban pynrung ïa ka ktien Khasi ha ka 8th Schedule?
